A Step Across a Millennium: The Liangshan Yi Nationality Slavery Society Museum

1.The Only: Museum of Its Kind in the World

2.Located halfway up Lushan Mountain in the: Qionghai-Lushan Scenic Area of Xichang City, Sichuan Province, the Liangshan Yi Nationality Slavery Society Museum is a unique institution of profound historical and anthropological significance. It stands as the only museum in China—and indeed the world—dedicated to preserving and displaying the history of the Yi people's slave society. The museum sits at an altitude of approximately 1,800 meters, overlooking the shimmering waters of Qionghai Lake. It serves as a "living fossil," documenting the social structure that existed in the Liangshan region until the democratic reforms of the 1950s. This transition is often described as "one step across a millennium," marking the direct leap from a slave society to a socialist society. The museum not only showcases the history of darkness and oppression but also celebrates the liberation and cultural richness of the Yi people,,.

3.The Tusi Stockade: A Fortress of History

The museum is built on the original site of the Black Yi Tusi (Headman) Pu Zhiwei's residence, preserving the authentic architecture and layout of a high-ranking Yi noble's home. The complex features traditional stone-masonry walls, towering watchtowers (Diaolou), and a distinct separation of living quarters that reflects the rigid social hierarchy of the time. Visitors can explore the luxurious main halls where the slave owners lived, adorned with intricate carvings, contrasting sharply with the low, damp dungeons and slave quarters where laborers were kept. The courtyard recreates scenes of daily life and labor, with stone mills and weaving tools, offering a visceral glimpse into a bygone era. Standing on the top of the watchtower provides not only a historical perspective but also a breathtaking panoramic view of the modern Xichang city and the expansive Qionghai Lake below,.

A Chronicle of Class and Culture

Inside, the museum houses over 2,000 cultural artifacts divided into several exhibition halls. These exhibits systematically decode the complex caste system of the Yi slave society, which was divided into Nuohe (Black Yi/Nobles), Qunuo (White Yi/Commoners), Ajia, and Gaxi (slaves). The collections are stark and powerful: rusted iron chains, wooden shackles, and cruel torture instruments like the "Tiger Bench" bear witness to the brutality of the era. In stark contrast, other halls display the exquisite craftsmanship of the Yi people, including magnificent silver ornaments, colorful lacquerware, and traditional costumes. A dedicated section explores the mysterious Bimo culture (Yi priesthood), showcasing ancient scriptures, ritual implements, and the spiritual heritage that sustained the community through centuries,.

Education and Reflection

Beyond its historical artifacts, the museum is a center for education and reflection on human rights and social progress. It details the peaceful democratic reforms led by the Chinese government in the mid-20th century that abolished slavery in the region without major bloodshed. Through old photographs, documents, and oral history recordings of former slaves, visitors can understand the immense transformation the region has undergone. The museum provides a deep, immersive experience that goes beyond sightseeing, challenging visitors to contemplate the value of freedom and equality while appreciating the enduring spirit and artistic achievements of the Yi nationality,,.