The Totem of Life: Yanyuan Gongmu Mountain and the Spectacle of Yin and Yang

The "Sexual Symbol" of the Natural World

Located just 5 kilometers southwest of Yanyuan County in the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, Gongmu Mountain (Gongmushan) stands as a startling and unique testament to the wonders of nature. Historically known as "Lianli Mountain" or "Lotus Mountain" due to the surrounding peaks resembling lotus petals, it is most famous today for its peculiar red sandstone formations that vividly resemble the male and female reproductive organs. The scenic area covers a core area of about 3 square kilometers, with the main peak rising to an altitude of 2,530 meters. This site is widely regarded as a "live fossil" of primitive reproductive worship (fertility cults) and is praised as the "most sexy natural landscape in China." The towering red rocks, set against a lush green valley, present a visual manifestation of the philosophical concept of Yin and Yang harmony, offering visitors a profound sense of awe at the creativity of the natural world,.

The Dance of Yin and Yang

The heart of the scenic area is the pair of iconic stones: the Male Stone (Gongshi) and the Female Stone (Mushi). The Male Stone is a cylindrical peak rising approximately 40 meters high, resembling a bamboo shoot breaking through the soil or a "Yang" pillar piercing the sky, exuding a sense of masculine strength and vigor. In stark contrast, the Female Stone, standing nearly 100 meters tall about hundreds of meters away, is broad at the base and full in the middle, featuring a natural cleft at the top that looks like giant palms pressed together. Interestingly, an ancient tree grows atop the Female Stone, remaining evergreen year-round, symbolizing the nurturing power of "Yin." These two massive red Danxia landform rocks stand exposed and rugged, forming a striking visual impact against the surrounding dense, verdant forests. This natural pairing has given rise to the couplet found at the mountain gate: "The drought lotus blooms with twin stalks, Yin and Yang create infinite fortune; strange stones tower into peaks, Male and Female survive endlessly",.

A Sanctuary of Three Religions

Beyond its geological marvels, Gongmu Mountain is a sacred site where Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism coexist in harmony—a rare cultural phenomenon. Since the Ming Dynasty, particularly after the construction of Bao'en Temple in 1527 (the 6th year of the Jiajing reign), the mountain has been a center for religious activity. The temple complex, built along the mountain contours, includes the Jade Emperor Hall (Taoist), the Thunder Ancestor Hall, the Wenchang Hall (Confucian), and the Songzi Dian (Child-Giving Hall). For nearly 500 years, pilgrims have flocked here to pray for heirs, safety, and prosperity. The coexistence of these faiths reflects a deep cultural inclusivity and the spiritual significance locals attach to the "life-giving" power of the mountain. Walking through the ancient temple grounds, visitors can see the interplay of red walls, green tiles, and the smoke of incense curling up towards the red cliffs, creating an atmosphere of mystery and tranquility,.

Cultural Heritage and Folk Customs

Gongmu Mountain is deeply embedded in the local folk culture and the history of the Southern Silk Road. It has served as a spiritual anchor for the diverse ethnic groups in the region, including the Han and Yi people. The site is rich in legends, such as the belief that the stones were flown here by the God of Heaven to symbolize the ceaseless cycle of life. It resonates with the nearby Lugu Lake's Mosuo culture, echoing themes of love and reproduction. During festivals, local Yi people often traverse the mountain for blessings, keeping alive ancient sacrificial customs. The mountain also features historical inscriptions, including the "Fast Ascent" (Kuai Ci Deng Lin) carving by the Republic of China era commander Yang Ren'an. Whether you are a seeker of cultural roots, a geology enthusiast, or simply looking for a quiet retreat in a "natural oxygen bar," Gongmu Mountain offers a unique journey into the essence of life and the harmony of nature,.