The Emerald Mirror of the Tianshan: A Guide to the Mystical Wenxian Tianchi Lake

A Hidden Gem of the Longnan Highlands

1.Nestled in the deep folds of the Tianshan: Mountains, 100 kilometers north of Wenxian County in Longnan, Gansu, Wenxian Tianchi is a breathtaking alpine sanctuary. Known as the "Green Stone on the Earth," this high-altitude lake sits at an elevation of approximately 1,750 meters and spans an area of 1.2 square kilometers. It is not a typical mountain lake but a majestic mountain barrier lake (堰塞湖) that has remained a serene retreat for both nature and the soul. Recognized on the UNESCO World Heritage tentative list, it stands as one of the most pristine ecological landmarks in Western China.

A Geological Epic of Ten Thousand Years

2.The origin of Wenxian: Tianchi is a testament to the raw power of the earth. Formed approximately 10,000 years ago during a massive mountain collapse that blocked the valley, it created a natural reservoir fed by perpetual underground springs. This geological event resulted in a lake of incredible depth, reaching up to 105 meters at its deepest point. The water remains clear and constant in temperature throughout the seasons, reflecting the surrounding rugged cliffs and lush primeval forests like a flawless mirror,.

The Intersection of History and Folklore

The lake is steeped in the rich cultural tapestry of the Baima Tibetan and Han peoples. Local legends tell of a Dragon King who guards the sacred waters, ensuring the prosperity of the region and infusing the landscape with an air of mystery. Historically, Wenxian Tianchi is also linked to the Three Kingdoms period, serving as a strategic passage for the Wei State General Deng Ai, whose legendary movements through these mountains have left an indelible mark on local history.

A Sanctuary for Biodiversity

Away from the bustle of modern cities, the lake remains a sanctuary for rare flora and fauna. The sparse population around the lake has allowed the primeval forests to flourish, creating a "secret garden" atmosphere. Whether it is the vibrant green of spring or the golden-red hues of the autumn foliage in September and October, the lake provides a sensory experience of "Highland Aesthetics" that is unmatched in its purity.