A Living Tapestry of the Silk Road: Exploring Linxia's Bafang Shisan Xiang

The Living Museum of Hezhou

1.Located in the heart of Linxia: City (historically known as Hezhou), Gansu Province, Bafang Shisan Xiang is a profound "living museum" of ethnic culture. Spanning 0.41 square kilometers at an altitude of approximately 1,900 meters, this ancient district is not merely a cordoned-off historical site but a vibrant, breathing community. It represents the historical core of Linxia, reflecting the city’s identity as the "Mecca of China" and its pivotal role on the ancient Silk Road.

Echoes of the Tang and Song Dynasties

The origins of this district trace back to the Tang and Song dynasties, when Central Asian Muslim merchants settled along the Silk Road’s Southern Route (also known as the Hezhou Road). The name "Bafang" (Eight Workshops) originates from the eight mosque-centered neighborhoods that were established over a thousand years ago. These served as the religious and communal centers for the traders and residents. "Shisan Xiang" (Thirteen Alleys) refers to the intricate network of streets that connect these workshops, weaving together the lives of the Hui, Dongxiang, Salar, and Han ethnic groups.

Architectural Harmony and Brick Carving Art

2.Bafang Shisan: Xiang is celebrated for its unique architectural fusion, where traditional Han Chinese Siheyuan (courtyard) layouts are integrated with Islamic artistic motifs. The district is a showcase for Hezhou Brick Carving, a National Intangible Cultural Heritage. These carvings adorn the gatehouses, shadow walls, and eaves of the residential alleys, featuring intricate patterns of flowers, landscapes, and geometric designs that transform solid brick into delicate lace. Landmarks like the Laosaisi Mosque and the Galeng Courtyard stand as prime examples of this highland craftsmanship.

A Fusion of Life and Tradition

Unlike many commercialized ancient towns, Bafang Shisan Xiang maintains its authentic atmosphere. Residents still carry out daily rituals, from the call to prayer echoing through the alleys to the crafting of traditional Hezhou incense. Visitors can walk along the Red River (Hongshui He) scenic belt or explore alleys like Renyi Xiang to witness the seamless blend of ancient history and modern life.