Hami Hui King's Tomb: A Silk Road Royal Mausoleum in Xinjiang

The Hami Hui King's Tomb (also known as the Altunluk Mausoleum) is a unique architectural complex located in the western suburbs of Hami City, Xinjiang. This site, spanning about 1.3 hectares at an altitude of 700 meters, is not merely a cemetery but a profound historical monument that stands as the largest and best-preserved mausoleum of the Hami Hui Kings in Xinjiang. It represents a unique chapter in the history of the Silk Road, symbolizing the close political and cultural ties between the local Uyghur rulers and the Qing Dynasty court for over two centuries.

Historical Background

The history of the Hami Hui King's Tomb is deeply intertwined with the Hami Hui Kings, a lineage that ruled the region for 233 years across nine generations. The saga began in 1696 when Ebeiidula, the leader of the Hami Uyghurs, pledged loyalty to the Qing Emperor Kangxi, assisting in the defeat of the Galdan forces. In return, he was granted the title of a First Rank Jasagh and later elevated to King.

While the cemetery was established earlier, the grandest structure, the Great Tomb (Gongbei), was constructed during the Daoguang era (1821–1850) for the 7th King, Boshir, and his family. The complex serves as a silent witness to the stability and prosperity brought to the borderlands through this alliance.

The Royal Lineage

The tombs within the complex belong to the 7th King Boshir, the 9th King, and other members of the Hami royal family. The site was used for royal burials for over two centuries, making it a critical archaeological and historical resource for understanding the political and cultural dynamics of the region during the Qing period.

Architectural Highlights

One of the most striking features of the Hami Hui King's Tomb is its blend of Islamic, Han Chinese, and Uyghur architectural styles. This fusion is rare in China and reflects the multicultural nature of the Silk Road.

The Great Tomb (Gongbei)

The centerpiece of the complex is the Great Tomb, built for King Boshir. It stands 17.8 meters high, with a square base and a round dome covered in vibrant green glazed tiles. The exterior is adorned with intricate patterns of clouds, lotus flowers, and Arabic calligraphy.

The dome is a stunning example of Islamic architecture, while the glazed tiles and cloud patterns draw from Han Chinese traditions. The tomb's interior is not open to the public, but the exterior alone is a visual masterpiece that shines brilliantly under the Xinjiang sun.

The Id Kah Mosque

Adjacent to the tomb is the Id Kah Mosque (distinct from the larger one in Kashgar). This is one of the largest indoor mosques in Xinjiang. Its design is a fascinating surprise: despite its Islamic function, the building employs a traditional Han Chinese wooden structure with beam-lifted frames and flying eaves.

Inside, 104 thick wooden columns support the massive roof, creating a spacious hall capable of accommodating thousands of worshippers. The interior decoration, however, remains distinctly Islamic, featuring painted floral motifs and geometric designs. The mosque is still used for prayers today, adding a living dimension to the historical site.

Other Tombs and Structures

Walking through the grounds, visitors will also encounter smaller tombs of other kings and royal family members, as well as a Chinese-style wooden pavilion at the entrance. This eclectic mix of architectural elements—glazed tiles from the Central Plains, domes from the West, and wooden carpentry from the East—narrates a story of cultural integration that is unique to Hami.

A Small Museum

The site includes a small museum displaying local historical relics and cultural artifacts. While the collection is modest, it provides context for the history of the Hami region and the Hui Kings. Exhibits often include documents, pottery, and textiles from the Qing period.

When to Visit: Best Seasons and Timing

The best time to visit the Hami Hui King's Tomb is from April to October, when the weather is mild and the gardens surrounding the compound are green. Spring (April–May) and autumn (September–October) are particularly pleasant, with comfortable temperatures and clear skies.

Summer (June–August) can be hot, with daytime temperatures often exceeding 35°C (95°F), but early morning or late afternoon visits can help avoid the heat. Winter (November–March) is cold, with temperatures dropping below freezing, and the site may be less accessible due to snow or icy conditions.

Suggested Duration

A typical visit to the tomb complex takes 1 to 2 hours. This allows enough time to explore the main tomb, the mosque, the museum, and the surrounding grounds. If you are interested in photography or historical details, plan for an additional 30 minutes.

Practical Information

Location and Getting There

The Hami Hui King's Tomb is located in the western suburbs of Huicheng District, Hami City, Xinjiang. Hami is accessible by train from major cities such as Urumqi (about 4–5 hours by high-speed rail) and by flights from Urumqi and other Chinese cities. Once in Hami, the tomb is a short taxi ride from the city center (approximately 10–15 minutes). Public buses may also serve the area, but taxis are more convenient.

Ticket Prices and Opening Hours

The site is a paid attraction. As of the last verified data, ticket prices are around 40–60 RMB per person, but this may change. Students and seniors may receive discounts. Opening hours are typically from 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM in summer and 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM in winter. Always confirm current prices and hours before your visit, as they are subject to change without notice.

What to Bring

• Sun protection: sunscreen, hat, sunglasses, especially in summer.
• Water: stay hydrated, as Hami is dry and hot.
• Modest clothing: out of respect for the Islamic site, cover shoulders and knees.
• Camera: with a wide-angle lens for the interior of the mosque.

Who Should Visit the Hami Hui King's Tomb?

This site is ideal for:

• History enthusiasts, especially those interested in Silk Road history and Qing Dynasty frontier politics.
• Architecture lovers, who will appreciate the fusion of Islamic and Chinese styles.
• Cultural tourists looking for lesser-known sites away from the crowds.
• Photographers seeking unique subjects: green domes, wooden columns, and intricate patterns.

Who Might Skip It

Travelers with limited time in Xinjiang might prioritize more famous attractions such as the Kashgar Id Kah Mosque or the Turpan ruins. Similarly, those not interested in historical or religious sites may find the compound modest compared to other Chinese mausoleums.

Safety and Altitude

The altitude is 700 meters, well within safe limits for all visitors. No altitude acclimatization is needed. The site is generally safe, but be aware of the following:

• Summer heat: temperatures can exceed 40°C (104°F). Carry water and seek shade.
• Uneven ground: some paths may be uneven; wear comfortable walking shoes.
• Respect local customs: the mosque is still an active place of worship. Avoid loud conversations and refrain from photography during prayer times unless permitted.

Photography Tips

• The best light for the Great Tomb is early morning or late afternoon when the sun highlights the green glazed tiles.
• Inside the Id Kah Mosque, use a wide-angle lens to capture the vast hall and rows of columns.
• For architectural details, a telephoto lens can capture intricate calligraphy and tile patterns from a distance.
• Drones are generally not allowed without special permits. Check with the local authorities before flying.

Nearby Attractions in Hami

If you are traveling to Hami specifically for the tomb, consider exploring other sites in the area:

• Hami Museum: showcases local history and culture, including artifacts from the Bronze Age.
• Hami King's Manor: the residence of the Hui Kings, located nearby (check if open to the public).
• Hami Desert: for landscape photography and camel rides (accessible via local tours).
• Tianshan Grand Canyon: a dramatic natural attraction about 100 km south of Hami.

These can be combined into a day trip or a longer stay.

FAQ

Who is buried in the Hami Hui King's Tomb?

The complex contains the tombs of the 7th King Boshir, the 9th King, and other members of the Hami royal family. The site served as a royal cemetery for nine generations of the Hui Kings.

Is the Id Kah Mosque still active?

Yes, the Id Kah Mosque within the complex is still used for daily prayers and large congregations during Islamic festivals. Visitors are welcome outside prayer times, but respect the religious function.

What is the architectural style?

The site is a mix of Islamic (domes, arches), Han Chinese (wooden beams, glazed tiles, pavilion roofs), and Uyghur styles. The Great Tomb features a green-glazed dome common to Islamic mausoleums, while the mosque uses a traditional Chinese wooden structure.

When is the best time to visit?

The best time is from April to October, especially spring and autumn, when the weather is mild and the gardens are green.

How much does it cost to enter?

Ticket prices are approximately 40–60 RMB, but these may change. Confirm locally before your visit.

How long should I spend there?

Plan for 1 to 2 hours, including the museum and mosque.

Is photography allowed inside the mosque?

Photography is generally allowed inside the mosque, but avoid using flash and be respectful during prayer times.

Are there any dress code requirements?

Modest clothing is recommended. Cover shoulders and knees, and remove shoes before entering the prayer hall if required.

Is the site wheelchair accessible?

The grounds are mostly flat, but some pathways may be uneven. The mosque has steps at the entrance. Wheelchair users may find parts of the site challenging.

Conclusion

The Hami Hui King's Tomb is a remarkable Silk Road landmark that offers a quiet but powerful glimpse into the region's multicultural history. Its fusion of architectural styles, historical significance, and living mosque make it a rewarding stop for travelers seeking depth beyond the beaten path.

Whether you are a history buff, an architecture enthusiast, or simply curious about Xinjiang's diverse heritage, this site deserves a place on your itinerary. Plan your visit during the more pleasant months, prepare for the heat, and take time to appreciate the details—the green dome, the hundred wooden columns, and the stories of a dynasty that bridged cultures for over two centuries.