Bajiao

The Mysterious "Hollow Cross" on the Grassland

1.Located in the Ganjia Secret Realm of Xiahe: County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Bajiao Ancient City (Bajiao Cheng) is a historical wonder hidden amidst the vast grasslands. Known in Tibetan as "Yongzhong Kar," this site is celebrated as the only existing ancient city in China featuring a "hollow cross" architectural layout. Standing on a plateau tableland at the confluence of the Yangqu River and the foot of the majestic White Stone Cliff (Baishiya), the city presents a striking geometric contrast to the natural curves of the surrounding landscape. From a bird's-eye view, its eight corners and cross shape resemble the "Yongzhong" (Swastika) symbol of the Bon religion, representing eternity and stability. It is hailed as a "living specimen of ancient Chinese city construction" and a vital military fortress along the Henan Dao of the Silk Road.

A Fortress with No Dead Angles

2.The history of Bajiao Ancient: City dates back to the Han Dynasty when it was established as the seat of Baishi County. Through the Tang, Song, and Yuan dynasties, it served as a strategic military stronghold contested by the Central Plains dynasties, Tubo, Xixia, and others. The city's unique design was a masterpiece of defensive engineering. The wall, with a total length of about 2.2 kilometers and a height of roughly 10 meters, features an eight-cornered layout with protruding "horse faces" (defensive towers). This "hollow cross" structure eliminated defensive dead zones, allowing archers on the walls to cover every angle of attack, creating an "impregnable iron wall". To this day, the rammed earth walls remain remarkably well-preserved, standing as a testament to the military wisdom of the ancients.

A Living Heritage of Han and Tibetan Culture

Unlike many deserted ruins, Bajiao Ancient City is a living heritage site. Inside the ancient walls lies a peaceful village where Han and Tibetan residents live in harmony. Smoke curls from the chimneys of traditional houses, and herds of yak and sheep graze near the ancient ramparts, creating a vivid picture of historical continuity. The city witnesses the fusion of cultures; during festivals, local residents engage in traditional activities such as horse racing and the "Guozhuang" dance, treating the ancient fortifications as a backdrop for their daily lives. Archaeological findings, including Tang and Song currency and pottery, further attest to its past role as a bustling hub of trade and cultural exchange.

Scenic Views and Exploration

3.Visiting Bajiao Ancient: City offers a blend of historical exploration and natural beauty.

• 4.The City Walls: Visitors can walk along the wooden boardwalks constructed parallel to the ancient walls. Climbing to the higher vantage points offers a panoramic view of the "hollow cross" geometry against the backdrop of the vertical White Stone Cliff and the meandering Yangqu River.
• 5.The Surroundings: The site is part of the larger Ganjia Secret Realm. Just beyond the city, the landscape shifts to steep cliffs and lush alpine meadows. In summer, the grasslands are dotted with wildflowers and roaming livestock, while autumn paints the walls and grass in warm golden hues.
• 6.Photography: The contrast between the weathered yellow earth of the city walls and the vibrant green of the summer grasslands makes it a paradise for photographers. Sunset is particularly magical, as the "golden light" bathes the ancient fortifications, emphasizing their sharp geometric lines.